Waging Peace:
Nixon and the Geopolitics of the Middle East
Nixon Legacy Forum
National Archives Research Center
April 23, 2012

“Waging Peace: Nixon and the Geopolitics of the Middle East” features five distinguished panelists with broad careers in diplomacy and politics in the Middle East. Gathered together in the National Archives Research Center, Nixon era diplomats and former members of the National Security Council Middle East convene to discuss President Nixon’s foreign policy in the Middle East during 1969 until 1974. Panelists include Samuel Lewis, Richard Murphy, Harold Sunders, and William Quandt. Ambassador Dennis Ross, Middle East advisor to presidents Bush, Clinton, and Obama moderated the panel. Hon. Bud McFarlane, former National Advisor to President Reagan and Military Assistant to Dr. Henry Kissinger gave both opening and closing remarks. The review follows the events of the United States’ attempts at brokering peace between Israeli and Arab leadership and how the events ultimately strengthened the U.S. relationship with the region. The failed Roger’s Plan in 1969, the Suez Canal and Arab oil embargo dilemma of 1969 and 1970, Black September Crisis in 1970, the implications of the Jordan and Syria military engagement and lastly, ending with Dr. Henry Kissinger’s trips to the Middle East in 1973 and in 1974 and President Nixon’s Trip to Egypt in 1974, these events constitute this Nixon Legacy Forum.

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Panelists

Richard Murphy: Richard Murphy graduated with Bachelor of Arts degrees from both Harvard University in 1951 and from Emmanuel College in 1953. During the years 1953 until 1955, he served in the United States Army. Murphy started his career after his service in the Army, joining the United States Foreign Service in Rhodesia and later in the Middle Eastern Bureau at the Department of State from 1959 until 1971. Later, Murphy served as Ambassador to Syria from 1974 to 1977. He is a two-time awardee of the State Department’s Superior Honor Award and a three-time recipient of the President’s Distinguished Service Award. Currently, Murphy serves on the board of UNRWA USA, a nonprofit that aims to provide relief for Palestinian refugees.

Samuel Lewis: Samuel Lewis graduated from Yale University in 1952 with a Bachelor of Arts degree and in 1954 he graduated with a Master of Arts from John Hopkins University. Lewis joined the United States Foreign Service as an officer and later served as the ambassador to Israel from 1977 until 1985. During 1968 and 1969, he served on the United States National Security Council. In 2011, the United States Institute of Peace dedicated a hall to the ex-ambassador. Samuel Lewis died in 2014 in McLean, Virginia.

Dr. Bill Quandt: Dr. Bill Quandt received his Bachelor of Arts in International Relations in 1963 from Stanford University and later his Ph.D. in Political Science from MIT in 1968. Dr. Quandt was a staff member on the United States National Security Council during the Nixon administration, 1972-1974, and the Carter administration from 1977-1979. Quandt currently is retired from teaching at the University of Virginia and living in Washington D.C.

Harold H. Saunders: Saunders graduated from Princeton University in 1952 with a Bachelor of Arts degree and with a Ph.D. from Yale University in 1955. After graduation, he joined the Air Force and later the Central Intelligence Agency. In 1961, he joined the National Security Council as a Mideast expert. Saunders was an important member of Dr. Henry Kissinger’s 1973 trip to the Middle East and aided in the negotiations between Egypt and Israel. Saunders was a distinguished author, writing five books and receiving two lifetime achievement awards for his diplomatic peacemaking work in international relations. Saunders died in 2016 in McLean, Virginia.

Dennis Ross (Moderator): Dennis Ross is a distinguished diplomat to the Middle East, with his time in government spanning several presidential administrations. Receiving his degree from the University of California, Los Angeles in 1970, he later began his career in government work under President Jimmy Carter where he was focused on negotiating peace in the Persian Gulf. He served on the National Security Council as the director of Near East and South Asian affairs. For presidents George H.W. Bush, Clinton, and Obama, he served as a Middle East advisor. Ross is a founding member of the UANI, United Against Nuclear Iran, where he currently is on the advisory board in addition to the Counter Extremism Project.

Timeline (With Links to Primary Documents)

William Rogers Plan

Undated“Rogers Plan” Text of Statement Commenting on Favorable Israeli Cabinet Vote on United States Peace Initiative; folder [1] Israel Vol. V- May 22-July 1970; Box 607; National Security Council Files, Country Files- Middle East; Richard Nixon Presidential Library and Museum, Yorba Linda, CA

December 9, 1970 “Resumption of the Jarring Peace Talks” Israeli Agreement to Resume Talks Under Ambassador Jarring; folder [2] Israel Vol. VIII December 1, 1970 – January 1971; Box 608; National Security Council Files, Country Files- Middle East; Richard Nixon Presidential Library and Museum, Yorba Linda, CA

January 5, 1971 “The Jarring Talks” Policy Background: The Jarring Talks: Israel’s Third Try; folder [2] Israel Vol. VIII December 1, 1970 – January 1971; Box 608; National Security Council Files, Country Files- Middle East; Richard Nixon Presidential Library and Museum, Yorba Linda, CA

January 13, 1971 “Israeli Initiative in Jarring Peace Talks” Israeli Initiative in the Jarring Peace Talks; folder [2] Israel Vol. VIII December 1, 1970 – January 1971; Box 608; National Security Council Files, Country Files- Middle East; Richard Nixon Presidential Library and Museum, Yorba Linda, CA

Suez Canal

Undated “Arab-Israeli Force Comparison” Arab/Israeli Force Comparison; folder [1] Israel Vol. III [Part 1] September 1969- February 28, 1970; Box 605; National Security Council Files, Country Files- Middle East; Richard Nixon Presidential Library and Museum, Yorba Linda, CA

Undated “Oil Drilling in the Suez Gulf” Memorandum for President Re: John King’s Proposal for Oil Drilling in the Gulf of Suez; folder [1] Israel Vol. I ends May 31, 1969; Box 604; National Security Council Files, Country Files- Middle East; Richard Nixon Presidential Library and Museum, Yorba Linda, CA

January 5, 1969 “Israeli Plans for Suez Gulf” Israeli Oil Aspirations in the Gulf of Suez; folder [1] Israel Vol. I ends May 31, 1969; Box 604; National Security Council Files, Country Files- Middle East; Richard Nixon Presidential Library and Museum, Yorba Linda, CA

July 7, 1970 “Suez Canal and Russian Intervention” Policy Background: Russian Military Intervention-The Third Phase- Soviet-Manned SAM-III’s Move Into Suez Canal Battle Zone; folder [2] Israel Vol. V May 22-July 1970; Box 607; National Security Council Files, Country Files- Middle East; Richard Nixon Presidential Library and Museum, Yorba Linda, CA

April 12, 1972 “Suez Canal Standoff” Memorandum for Dr. Kissinger Re: Partial Israeli Withdrawal and Reopening of Suez Canal; folder [1] Ceasefire Middle East Vol. II September 1970-December 1970; Box 656; National Security Council Files, Country Files- Middle East; Richard Nixon Presidential Library and Museum, Yorba Linda, CA

Black September

Undated Implications on a Confrontation with Israel NSC Country Files Box 656 Memorandum from Henry A. Kissinger to President Nixon: Implications of a Confrontation with Israel; folder [1] Ceasefire MidEast Vol. II September 1970-December 1970; Box 656; National Security Council Files, Country Files-Middle East; Richard Nixon Presidential Library and Museum, Yorba Linda, CA

March 3, 1971 “Jordan’s Role” Telegram from Amman Embassy to Secretary of State: Jordan’s Role in the Middle East Peace Initiative; folder [2] MidEast Nodis/Cedar Plus Vol. I February-April 1971; Box 656; National Security Council Files, Country Files-Middle East; Richard Nixon Presidential Library and Museum, Yorba Linda, CA

March 5, 1971 “Sadat to Nixon Telegram” Telegram from President Anwar Sadat to President Richard Nixon; folder [2] Middle East Nodis/ Cedar Plus Vol. I February-April 1971; Box 656; National Security Council Files, Country Files-Middle East; Richard Nixon Presidential Library and Museum, Yorba Linda, CA

March 15, 1971 “Present State of Thinking on Mid East from HAK to Nixon” Memorandum from Henry A. Kissinger to President Nixon: Present State of Thinking Mid-East; folder [1] Ceasefire MidEast Vol. II September 1970-December 1970; Box 656; National Security Council Files, Country Files-Middle East; Richard Nixon Presidential Library and Museum, Yorba Linda, CA

March 16, 1973 “A Response to Arab Terrorism” A Response to Arab Terrorism; folder [6] Middle East (Fedayeen) Black September Group June 1967; Box 666; National Security Council Files, Country Files- Middle East; Richard Nixon Presidential Library and Museum, Yorba Linda, CA

March 25, 1973 “Black September Group Threat Post” Telegram from Beirut Embassy to Secretary of State: Black September Group Threat; folder [6] Middle East (Fedayeen) Black September Group June 1967; Box 666; National Security Council Files, Country Files- Middle East; Richard Nixon Presidential Library and Museum, Yorba Linda, CA

March 25, 1973 “Black September Group Briefing” Telegram from Acting Director FBI to White House Situation Room: Black September Organization-Middle East; folder [6] Middle East (Fedayeen) Black September Group June 1967; Box 666; National Security Council Files, Country Files- Middle East; Richard Nixon Presidential Library and Museum, Yorba Linda, CA

Jordan and Syria Military Engagement

September 22, 1970 “Action for Israeli Strike” Suggested Israeli Public Statement; folder [10] WSAG Meeting Middle East 9/22/70 8:30 AM; Box H-076; National Security Council Institutional Files, Meeting Files (1969-1974), Washington Special Action Group Meetings; Richard Nixon Presidential Library and Museum, Yorba Linda, CA

September 23, 1970 “Situation in Jordan” Memorandum from Harold H. Saunder to Dr. Kissinger: The Situation in Jordan: folder [3] WSAG & SRG Meeting Jordan 10/9/70; Box H-076; National Security Council Institutional Files, Meeting Files (1969-1974), Washington Special Action Group Meetings; Richard Nixon Presidential Library and Museum, Yorba Linda, CA

September 23, 1970 “Air Strike Against Syrian Forces in Jordan” Memorandum for Dr. Kissinger from Harold H. Saunders and Richard T. Kennedy: WSAG on Jordan– this afternoon, September 23; folder [7] WSAG Meeting Middle East 9/23/70 8:00 AM [1 of 2]; Box H-076; National Security Council Institutional Files, Meeting Files (1969-1974), Washington Special Action Group Meetings; Richard Nixon Presidential Library and Museum, Yorba Linda, CA

PFLP Plane Hijacking

September 3, 1970 “PFLP Plane Hijacking Jordan” Contingencies for Hijacking Crisis; folder [12]; WSAG & SRG Meeting Middle East and Hijacking 9/9/70; National Security Council Institutional Files (H-Files): Meeting Files (1969-1974) Washington Special Action Group Meetings; Richard Nixon Presidential Library and Museum, Yorba Linda, CA

September 9, 1970 “PFLP Plane Hijacking Jordan Status” Memorandum for the President from Henry A. Kissinger: Hijacking Status; folder [12]; WSAG & SRG Meeting Middle East and Hijacking 9/9/70; National Security Council Institutional Files (H-Files): Meeting Files (1969-1974) Washington Special Action Group Meetings; Richard Nixon Presidential Library and Museum, Yorba Linda, CA

HAK Middle East Trips

Undated “Middle East Negotiations” Briefing Paper HAK Mideast Trip: Middle East Negotiations; folder [1]; HAK Trip- Mid East, Islamabad, Peking, Tokyo, Seoul Misc. & Memos November 5-16, 1973; Henry A. Kissinger (HAK) Office Files: Trip Files; Richard Nixon Presidential Library and Museum, Yorba Linda, CA

Undated “HAK Trip Files” Mr. Kissinger’s Itinerary; folder [1]; HAK Trip- Mid East, Islamabad, Peking, Tokyo, Seoul Misc. & Memos November 5-16, 1973; Henry A. Kissinger (HAK) Office Files: Trip Files; Richard Nixon Presidential Library and Museum, Yorba Linda, CA

Undated “President to Kissinger Congratulatory Letter” Memorandum for Henry A. Kissinger from Alexander Haig; folder [1]; HAK Trip – Mid East, Islamabad, Peking, Seoul, HAKTO 1-60 November 5-16, 1973; Box 41; Henry A. Kissinger (HAK) Office Files: Trip Files; Richard Nixon Presidential Library and Museum, Yorba Linda, CA

October 20, 1973 “Jordan and Israel Negotiated Settlement” Jordan – Israel: Main Elements of a Negotiated Settlement; folder [1]; HAK Trip- Mid East, Islamabad, Peking, Tokyo, Seoul Misc. & Memos November 5-16, 1973; Henry A. Kissinger (HAK) Office Files: Trip Files; Richard Nixon Presidential Library and Museum, Yorba Linda, CA

November 3, 1973 “Israel and Egypt Briefing” Memorandum for Secretary Kissinger from Harold H. Saunders and William B. Quandt; folder [1]; HAK Trip- Mid East, Islamabad, Peking, Tokyo, Seoul Misc. & Memos November 5-16, 1973; Henry A. Kissinger (HAK) Office Files: Trip Files; Richard Nixon Presidential Library and Museum, Yorba Linda, CA

November 16, 1973 “Telegram Kissinger to President, King Hussein Visit” Telegram from Henry A. Kissinger to General Scowcroft; folder [1]; HAK Trip – Mid East, Islamabad, Peking, Seoul, HAKTO 1-60 November 5-16, 1973; Box 41; Henry A. Kissinger (HAK) Office Files: Trip Files; Richard Nixon Presidential Library and Museum, Yorba Linda, CA

November 16, 1973 “Telegram Kissinger to President, Palestinian Question” Telegram from Henry A. Kissinger to General Scowcroft; folder [1]; HAK Trip – Mid East, Islamabad, Peking, Seoul, HAKTO 1-60 November 5-16, 1973; Box 41; Henry A. Kissinger (HAK) Office Files: Trip Files; Richard Nixon Presidential Library and Museum, Yorba Linda, CA

November 16, 1973 “Telegram Kissinger to President, Meeting with Shah” Telegram from Henry A. Kissinger to General Scowcroft; folder [1]; HAK Trip – Mid East, Islamabad, Peking, Seoul, HAKTO 1-60 November 5-16, 1973; Box 41; Henry A. Kissinger (HAK) Office Files: Trip Files; Richard Nixon Presidential Library and Museum, Yorba Linda, CA

November 16, 1973 “Soviets Numbers in the Middle East After Outbreak” Telegram from White House Situation Room to Henry A. Kissinger; folder [2]; HAK Trip – Mid East, Islamabad, Peking, Seoul, HAKTO 1-60 November 5-16, 1973; Box 41; Henry A. Kissinger (HAK) Office Files: Trip Files; Richard Nixon Presidential Library and Museum, Yorba Linda, CA

November 16, 1973 “Kissinger to President Egyptian Military Efforts” Telegram from the White House Situation Room to Henry A. Kissinger; folder [2]; HAK Trip – Mid East, Islamabad, Peking, Seoul, HAKTO 1-60 November 5-16, 1973; Box 41; Henry A. Kissinger (HAK) Office Files: Trip Files; Richard Nixon Presidential Library and Museum, Yorba Linda, CA

November 16, 1973 “Telegram Kissinger to President, Middle East Activity” Telegram from White House Situation Room to Henry A. Kissinger; folder [2]; HAK Trip – Mid East, Islamabad, Peking, Seoul, HAKTO 1-60 November 5-16, 1973; Box 41; Henry A. Kissinger (HAK) Office Files: Trip Files; Richard Nixon Presidential Library and Museum, Yorba Linda, CA

November 16, 1973 “Kissinger to President Report on the Middle East Meeting POW Exchange” Telegram from White House Situation Room to Henry A. Kissinger; folder [1] HAK Trip – Mid East, Islamabad, Peking, Seoul, HAKTO 1-60 November 5-16, 1973; Box 41; Henry A. Kissinger (HAK) Office Files: Trip Files; Richard Nixon Presidential Library and Museum, Yorba Linda, CA

November 16, 1973 “Kissinger to President Cease-Fire Signature” Telegram from White House Situation Room to Henry A. Kissinger; folder [1] HAK Trip – Mid East, Islamabad, Peking, Tokyo, Seoul, HAKTO 1-60 November 5-16, 1973; Box 41; Henry A. Kissinger (HAK) Office Files: Trip Files; Richard Nixon Presidential Library and Museum, Yorba Linda, CA

November 29, 1973 “Kissinger’s Proposed Overall Trip Schedule” Kissinger Trip Proposed Schedule; folder [5] HAK Trip – Europe & Mid East TOHAK 71-124 January 10-20, 1974; Box 43; Henry A. Kissinger (HAK) Office Files: Trip Files; Richard Nixon Presidential Library and Museum, Yorba Linda, CA

December 1973 “Schedule of Kissinger Cairo Visit” Telegram from Cairo to Secretary of State: Sec Visit Schedule; folder [4] HAK Trip – Europe & Mid East HAKTO 1-65 January 10-20 1974; Box 43; Henry A. Kissinger (HAK) Office Files: Trip Files; Richard Nixon Presidential Library and Museum, Yorba Linda, CA

January 1974 “Kissinger to Nixon Update after Trip” Telegram from Kissinger to President Nixon: Message for President; folder [3] HAK Trip – Europe & Mid East HAKTO 1-40 February 25- March 4, 1970; Box 44; Henry A. Kissinger (HAK) Office Files: HAK Trip Files; Richard Nixon Presidential Library and Museum, Yorba Linda, CA

January 19, 1974 “Signing of Egypt-Israel Disengagement Agreement” Telegram from Henry A. Kissinger to Secretary of State: Signing of Egypt-Israel Disengagement Agreement; folder [3] HAK Trip – Europe & Mid East HAKTO 1-40 February 25- March 4, 1970; Box 44; Henry A. Kissinger (HAK) Office Files: HAK Trip Files; Richard Nixon Presidential Library and Museum, Yorba Linda, CA

January 22, 1974 “Presidential Announcement on Geneva Conference Results” Telegram from Henry A. Kissinger to Scowcroft; folder [2] HAK Trip – Europe & MidEast State Cables, Memos & December 8-22, 1973; Box 43; Henry A. Kissinger (HAK) Office Files: HAK Trip Files; Richard Nixon Presidential Library and Museum, Yorba Linda, CA

January 22, 1974 “Egyptian Articles on Settlement” Telegram from the White House Situation Room to Henry A. Kissinger: Egyptian News Articles; folder [2] HAK Trip – Europe & Mid East TOHAK 1-70; Box 43; Henry A. Kissinger (HAK) Office Files: HAK Trip Files; Richard Nixon Presidential Library and Museum, Yorba Linda, CA

May 30, 1974 “Golda Meir Thank You Letter” Telegram from Embassy of Israel to President Nixon; folder [4] HAK Trip – Europe & Mid East TOHAK 1-50 February 25 – March 4, 1974; Box 44; Henry A. Kissinger (HAK) Office Files: HAK Trip Files; Richard Nixon Presidential Library and Museum, Yorba Linda, CA

Harold H. Saunders Files on HAK Middle East Trips

Undated “Israeli Settlements on the Golan Heights” Israeli Settlements on the Golan Heights; folder [8] Secretary Kissinger’s Middle East Trip (fifth) April 28-May 13, 1974 [1 of 3]; Box: 1188; National Security Council Files: Harold H.Saunders Files: Middle East Negotiations Files; Richard Nixon Presidential Library and Museum, Yorba Linda, CA

Undated “Middle East Situation Saunders to Nixon” President’s Friday Brief from Saunders; folder [1] Secretary Kissinger’s Middle East Trip (first) November 5-9, 1973 [1 of 3]; Box 1188; National Security Council Files; Harold H. Saunders Files: Middle East Negotiations Files; Richard Nixon Presidential Library and Museum, Yorba Linda, CA

November 2, 1973 “Strategy for Middle East Peace on Kissinger Visit” Memorandum for Secretary Kissinger from Harold H. Saunders and William B. Quandt: Strategy for Middle East Peace Settlement During Your Trip; folder [2] Secretary Kissinger’s Middle East Trip (First) November 5-9, 1973 [2 of 3]; Box 1188; National Security Council Files; Harold H. Saunders Files: Middle East Negotiations Files; Richard Nixon Presidential Library and Museum, Yorba Linda, CA

November 6, 1973 “Meir to Keating Nov. 6, 1973 Israel Position” Telegram from Tel Aviv Embassy to Secretary of State: Meeting with Mrs. Meir; folder [2] Secretary Kissinger’s Middle East Trip (first) November 5-9, 1973 [1 of 3]; Box 1188; National Security Council Files; Harold H. Saunders Files: Middle East Negotiations Files; Richard Nixon Presidential Library and Museum, Yorba Linda, CA

January 9, 1974 “Principles on Disengagement” Principles of Disengagement, HAK Third Trip; folder [5] Secretary Kissinger’s Middle East Trip (third) January 10-20, 1974; Box 1188; National Security Council Files; Harold H. Saunders Files: Middle East Negotiations Files; Richard Nixon Presidential Library and Museum, Yorba Linda, CA

January 10, 1974 “Possible Disengagement Steps Jordan and Israel Front” Possible Disengagement Steps on the Jordanian-Israeli Front and Palestinian Developments; folder [5] Secretary Kissinger’s Middle East Trip (third) January 10-20, 1974; Box 1188; National Security Council Files; Harold H. Saunders Files: Middle East Negotiations Files; Richard Nixon Presidential Library and Museum, Yorba Linda, CA

April 24, 1974 “Arab Israel Settlements” Beyond Disengagement: Next Steps Toward an Arab-Israeli Settlement; folder [8] Secretary Kissinger’s Middle East Trip (fifth) April 28-May 13, 1974 [1 of 3]; Box: 1188; National Security Council Files: Harold H.Saunders Files: Middle East Negotiations Files; Richard Nixon Presidential LIbrary and Museum, Yorba Linda, CA

April 25, 1974 “Jordan Israel Disengagement” Approaches to Jordan-Israel Disengagement; folder [8] Secretary Kissinger’s Middle East Trip (fifth) April 28-May 13, 1974 [1 of 3]; Box: 1188; National Security Council Files: Harold H.Saunders Files: Middle East Negotiations Files; Richard Nixon Presidential Library and Museum, Yorba Linda, CA

April 26, 1974 “Syrian Israeli Disengagement Lines + Maps” Syrian-Israeli Disengagement: Analysis of Possible Disengagement Lines; folder [8] Secretary Kissinger’s Middle East Trip (fifth) April 28-May 13, 1974 [1 of 3]; Box: 1188; National Security Council Files: Harold H.Saunders Files: Middle East Negotiations Files; Richard Nixon Presidential LIbrary and Museum, Yorba Linda, CA

Geneva Conference

Undated “Kissinger’s Opening Statement Geneva Peace Conference” Secretary Kissinger’s Statement at the Opening Session of the Geneva Conference; folder [5] HAK Trip – Europe & Mid East TOHAK 71-124 January 10-20, 1974; Box 43; Henry A. Kissinger (HAK) Office Files: Trip Files; Richard Nixon Presidential Library and Museum, Yorba Linda, CA

Undated “Recap of Geneva Peace Conference” Recap of the Geneva Peace Conference; folder [5] HAK Trip – Europe & Mid East TOHAK 71-124 January 10-20, 1974; Box 43; Henry A. Kissinger (HAK) Office Files: Trip Files; Richard Nixon Presidential Library and Museum, Yorba Linda, CA

December 1973 “Participation in the Geneva Conference” Telegram from Secretary of State to Cairo: Fahmy’s Message of December 5; folder [3] Arab Republic of Egypt X November – December 31, 1973; Box 639; National Security Council; Country Files- Middle East; Richard Nixon Presidential Library and Museum, Yorba Linda, CA

December 1973 “Sadat Message on Agreement” Telegram from Henry A. Kissinger to Cairo: Message to President Sadat; folder [3] Arab Republic of Egypt XI January 1- February 1974; Box 639; National Security Council; Country Files- Middle East; Richard Nixon Presidential Library and Museum, Yorba Linda, CA

December 19, 1973 “Eve of Geneva Conference” Telegram from Cairo to Secretary of State: Assessment of Egyptian/ Israeli Six Point Agreement of November 11, 1973; folder [1] Arab Republic of Egypt X November – December 31, 1973; Box 639; National Security Council; Country Files- Middle East; Richard Nixon Presidential Library and Museum, Yorba Linda, CA

January 21, 1974 “Agreement on Disengagement of Forces” Telegram from Cairo to Secretary of State: Agreement on Disengagement of Forces; folder [3] Arab Republic of Egypt XI January 1- February 1974; Box 639; National Security Council; Country Files- Middle East; Richard Nixon Presidential Library and Museum, Yorba Linda, CA

January 24, 1974 “Sadat Arab Nations Trip Update” Telegram from Cairo to Secretary of State; folder [3] Arab Republic of Egypt X November – December 31, 1973; Box 639; National Security Council; Country Files- Middle East; Richard Nixon Presidential Library and Museum, Yorba Linda, CA

Nixon Trip to Egypt

Undated “Middle East Trip Schedule” Summary Schedule-The President’s Trip to the Middle East; folder[1] EX TR 111-2 Cairo/Alexandria, Egypt 6/12/1974 – 6/14/1974; Box 100; White House Central Files: Subject Files-TR(Trips); Richard Nixon Presidential Library and Museum, Yorba Linda, CA

June 10, 1974 “Egypt Trip” Memorandum for the President: Egypt Trip; folder [8] EX TR 111 Austria/Mideast/Portugal, Egypt-Saudi Arabia-Syria-Israel-Jordan 6/10/1974 – 6/19/1974 5/31/1974 – 6/21/1974; Box 99; White House Central Files; Subject Files-TR (Trips); Richard Nixon Presidential Library and Museum, Yorba Linda, CA

June 12, 1974 “Nixon Egypt Trip Toast” Nixon Egypt Trip Toast; folder [1] EX TR 111-2 Cairo/Alexandria, Egypt 6/12/1974 – 6/14/1974; Box 100; White House Central Files; Subject Files-TR (Trips); Richard Nixon Presidential Library and Museum, Yorba Linda, CA

June 13, 1974 “Egypt Visit Newspaper Articles” Egyptian Newspaper Articles; folder [1] EX TR 111-2 Cairo/Alexandria, Egypt 6/12/1974 – 6/14/1974; Box 100; White House Central Files; Subject Files-TR (Trips); Richard Nixon Presidential Library and Museum, Yorba Linda, CA

June 13, 1974 “Egypt Trip Newspaper Article cont.” Egyptian Newspaper Articles; folder [1] EX TR 111-2 Cairo/Alexandria, Egypt 6/12/1974 – 6/14/1974; Box 100; White House Central Files; Subject Files-TR (Trips); Richard Nixon Presidential Library and Museum, Yorba Linda, CA